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Economic
and Game Theory
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distribute and/or modify the software." Preamble to the GPL |
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Copyright monopolists naturally seek to limit access to
ideas to keep their prices relatively high. No where is this phenomenon
more obnoxious than in the case of scientific journals. Here research
paid for by universities and government are tightly controlled by
journal publishers - this despite the fact that the manuscripts are
provided them for free, and the editorial services are largely free as
well. At one time journals were by nature paper publications, and
typesetting and printing were expensive operations. At that time,
access was naturally limited by the number of paper copies, and
although in recent years a small fee was charged for additional (xerox)
copies, this fee was not difficult to avoid. With the advent of the
internet, this system no longer makes sense, and rebellion is brewing
in the scientific community. Click here to go directly
to information about open access journals in Economics. In the economics community, Ted Bergstrom has taken the
lead, pointing out that scientific societies charge an order of
magnitude less for their good journals than the one remaining
commercial publisher (Elsevier) does for its not so good journals. He
has started a campaign
to reduce library costs. We have two small compaigns of our own: the NajEcon initiative of entirely
web-based "not a journal," and the news aggregator, Economic Theory News.
Promulgation of scientific research via the web has been aided by
several other operations. NetEc
is a volunteer organization that aims to index and document all
economic research on the web. By providing formatted information
(similar to news feeds) rather than free form organization, it makes it
possible to construct news aggregators such as Economic Theory News,
and answer question that Google cannot such as "let me browse
interesting work in theoretical economics from the last several
months." There are also three noteworthy non-free projects. JSTOR has created electronic copies of
back issues of the major non-commercial journals. Unfortunately, while
it once served to make research more available, and still makes back
articles that appeared in the non-commercial journal more available
than those that appeared in commercial journals, it has long since
covered its startup cost, and now serves to obstruct rather than
enhance scientific communication through its closed access model. The Social Science Research Network
collects various articles in economics and other disciplines and
archives them, making some available for free, and other for
ridiculously high prices. Whether it server overall to make research
more or less available is hard to say. Similarly the BEJournals are online journals that
started in an apparent effort to widen access, but seem now to be
little different than any other journal. Open Access Journals in EconomicsBy far the most exciting development is that of open access journals. An open access journal makes scientific research freely available over the web. That means that anyone can access the information for free, and that the information, unprotected by passwords or other proprietary devices, can be indexed by Google and the other major search engines, so that the information is easy to find. The Public Library of Science is a broad scientific initiative to create open access journals. Within economics, sadly but not unpredictably, the major scientific societies have been slow to move to the open access model. However there are a few bright lights - bear in mind that by having a paper published in one of these journals, your paper will be more widely available than if you publish in a better known journal - and in 10 years time, not only will your paper be more widely available, but the journal may have become better known than the currently famous journals that are killing themselves through closed access.
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